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Refraction (Snell's Law)

n_1\sin\theta_1 = n_2\sin\theta_2

Refraction angle25.4°

Critical anglen/a (n₁ ≤ n₂)

Angle of incidence40 °

n₁ (incident medium)1

n₂ (second medium)1.5

Make the ray bend away from the normal (n₁ greater than n₂)
Raise the angle of incidence past 60°
Cause total internal reflection
Cause total internal reflection with n₁ set to 2.0